Testosterone replacement therapy prevents further bone loss at the lumbar and femoral levels in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, but it does not reliably elevate bone mineral density out of the osteopenic/osteoporotic range.
Long-term use of systemic hormone replacement therapy may slightly increase the risk of developing Alzheimer disease.
An earlier age of onset of puberty may be beneficial for adult bone density in Turner syndrome and type of hormone therapy may have a varying impact on adult health.
Initiation and continuation trends in menopausal hormone therapy may have been influenced by the premature cessation of the 2002 Women’s Health Initiative trial, which was halted due to safety concerns.
Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women may be protective against knee OA.
Oral preparations of hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms are associated with a greater risk for VTE compared with transdermal formulations.
High-quality health care needs to be provided to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) patients, and improved training is necessary to deliver that care.
Issues to consider include how to address patients, obtaining inclusive history, and unique clinical challenges.
The current study sought to compare the incidence of acute cardiovascular events among transgender persons.
Current oral contraceptive products contain lower doses of estrogen than those used in the past, prompting reconsideration of risks and benefits.
